2019, no.2. Amet-han Sheykhumerov

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/kio.2019.2.133-154 Скачать статью
1,057

Mythology and the realities of the Battle of Molodi

Amet-han Sheykhumerov

(Crimean Scientific Center of the Sh. Marjani institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences)

Abstract. Historical events are constantly becoming an object of speculations. The battle of  Molodi was also falsified. The siege, in  the description of Russian researches, turned out into a heavy field of battle, the organized withdrawal of troops, turned into the disorganized  rout  on a limited distance (up to 2 km.) in front of the gulyay-gorod,  where the writers gathered  “a large Tatar army”.  Bright scenes of the fight  and heavy losses of the Crimean Tatars became canonical, almost always complemented by stories of “destructions” and “ruins” among them.

Referring to the sources shows that this is a lie. Russian contemporaries of the battle did not associate the Khan’s retreat with heavy losses. They explained it to “God’s mercy” or fear offensive new Moscow troops. Sources do not report “panic” and “catastrophe” during the assault on August 2.

A study of data on the Crimean Tatar aristocracy shows that it did not suffer catastrophic damage in 1572. The political elite of the Crimean Khanate is aware of the loss of the Mangyt Karachi Bek Divey Bey. According to the official Russian estimates, a small part of the Crimean nobility was lost. There was no “ruins” and “destruction” of the troops of Devlet I Giray in the battle of Molodi.

Keywords: battle of Molodi, military history, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Khanate, Russia, falsification of history.

For citation:  Sheykhumerov A. A. Mythology and the realities of the Battle of Molodi. Krymskoe istoricheskoe obozrenie=Crimean Historical Review. 2019, no. 2, pp. 133–154. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2019.2.133-154

REFERENCES

  1. Buganov V. I. Dokumenty o srazhenii pri Molodyakh [Documents on the Battle of Molodi]. Istoricheskiy arkhiv [Historical archive]. 1959. Vol. 4, pp. 166–183
  2. Vinogradov A. V., Malov A. V. «Soshlis’ s nimi u Voskresen’ya v Molodekh». Materialy o pokhode Devlet-Gireya I na Moskvu 1572 g. v Krymskoy posol’skoy knige 1571–1578 gg. [Fought with Them near the Ressurection in Molodi”: Materials on Devlet-Giray’s War against Moscow in 1572 in the Book of Crimean Embassies from 1571–1578]. Edinorog. Materialy po voennoy istorii Vostochnoy Evropy epokhi Srednikh vekov i Rannego Novogo vremeni [Edinorog: Materials on the military history of Eastern Europe of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times]. Vol. 2. M., 2011, pp. 202–253.
  3. Vinogradov A. V. Sostav politicheskoy elity Krymskogo khanstva v 1560–
    1590 gg. po materialam russkoy i pol’sko-litovskoy posol’skoy dokumentatsii     [Political elite of the Crimean Khanate in 1560–1590s]. Vostok [Orient]. 2016. Vol. 5,pp. 25–41.
  4. Gabdullin I. R. Ot sluzhilykh tatar k tatarskomu dvoryanstvu [From serving Tatars to Tatar nobility]. Moskow, 2006. 320 p.
  5. Dudin A. A. Molodinskaja bitva [Battle of Molodi]. Moscow, 2016. 130 p.
  6. Karamzin M. N. Istoriya gosudarstva Rossiyskogo [History of Russian state]. Tom X. Saint Petersburg, 1824. 291 p.
  7. Kniga Polotskogo pokhoda 1563 g.: issledovaniya i tekst [The book of the Polotsk campaign in 1563: research and text]. Saint Petersburg: Russian National Library, 2004. 107 p.
  8. Kostochkin I. V. Molodinskaya kampaniya 1572 goda. Taktika, strategiya, voysko [Campaign of Molodi 1572. Tactics, strategy, army]. Voyna i oruzhie. Novye issledovaniya i materialy. Trudy V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [War and weapons: New research and materials. Works 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference]. 2014. Part II, pp. 378–389.
  9. Lashkov F. F. Sbornik dokumentov po istorii krymsko-tatarskogo zemlevladeniya [Collection of documents on the history of the Crimean Tatar landownership]. Izvestiya Tavricheskoy uchetnoy arkhivnoy komissii [News of the Taurian scientifi c archival Commission]. 1895. Vol. 23. pp. 118–129.
  10. Malov A. V. Molodinskaya bitva v kontekste voenno-politicheskoy situatsii v musul’mano-khristianskoy kontaktnoy zone [Battle of Molodi in the context of the military-political situation in the Muslim-Christian contact zone]. Srednevekovye tyurko-tatarskie gosudarstva [Medieval Turkic-Tatar states]. Vol. 2.Kazan: Ikhlas, 2010. pp. 186–207.
  11. Penskoy V. V. Posledniy boy: nashestvie krymskogo khana Gazi-Gireya II na Moskvu v 1591 g. [The last battle: the invasion of the Crimean Khan Gazi Giray II to Moscow in 1591]. Istoriya v podrobnostyakh [History in detail]. 2010. Vol. 11, pp. 16–29.
  12. Penskoy V. V. Voennoe delo Moskovskogo gosudarstva. Ot Vasiliya Temnogo do Mikhaila Romanova. Vtoraya polovina XV – nachalo XVII v. [Military affairs of the Moscow State. From Vasily the Blind to Mikhail Romanov. The second half of the XV – the beginning of the XVII century.]. Moscow: OOO «Tsentrpoligraf», 2018. 352 p.
  13. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisey. Tom 13. Chast 1 [Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol. 13, Part 1]. Saint Petersburg, 1904. 303 p.
  14. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisey. Tom 34 [Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol. 34]. Moscow: Nauka, 1978. 313 p.
  15. Posol’skaja kniga po svjazjam Moskovskogo gosudarstva s Krymom 1567–1572 gg. [The embassy book on relations of the Moscow state with Crimea 1567–1572]. Moscow, 2016. 400 p.
  16. Posol’skaja kniga po svjazjam Moskovskogo gosudarstva s Krymom 1571–1577 gg. [The embassy book on relations of the Moscow state with Crimea 1571–1577]. Moscow, 2016. 400 p.
  17. Razryadnaya kniga 1550–1636 gg. Vol. I. Moscow: Nauka, 1975. 357 p.
  18. Smirnov N. V. Russkaya armiya na litovskom napravlenii vo vremya velikolukskoy kampanii Stefana Batoriya 1580 goda [The Russian army in the Lithuanian direction during the Velikolutsky campaign of Stefan Batory in 1580]. Novogardia. 2019. Vol. 2, pp. 197–212.
  19. Puteshestviya russkikh poslov XVI–XVII vv. [Travel Russian ambassadors XVI–XVII centuries]. Moscow – Leningrad, 1954. 490 p.
  20. Storozhenko A.V. Stefan Batoriy i dneprovskie kazaki [Stephen Báthory and Dnieper Cossacks]. Kiev, 1904. 327 p.
  21. Striykovs’kiy M. Lіtopis pol’s’kiy, litovs’kiy, zhmuds’kiy і vsієї Rusi [Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Rus]. Lviv, 2011. 1075 p.
  22. Farzaliev A. Yuzhnyy Kavkaz v kontse XVI v. Osmano-sefevidskoe sopernichestvo [South Caucasus at the end of the XVI century. Ottoman-Safavid rivalry]. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House of Saint Petersburg University, 2002. 153 p.
  23. Filyushkin A. I. Formuly samoprezentatsii vysshey vlasti v invocatio posol’skikh gramot Ivana IV [Formulas for self-presentation of the highest authority in invocatio of embassies of Ivan IV]. Drevnyaya Rus’. Voprosy medievistiki [Ancient Russia: issues of medieval studies]. 2006. Vol. 1(23), pp. 76–90.
  24. Filyushkin A. I. Mifologiya i realii bitvy pod Nevelem 1562 g. [Mythology and the realities of the Battle of Nevel 1562]. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana / Peterburgskie slavyanskie i balkanskie issledovaniya [Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana / Petersburg Slavic and Balkan Studies]. 2012. № 1. pp. 197–202.
  25. Filyushkin A. I. Pobedy russkoy armii i flota. [Victories of the Russian army and navy]. Moscow: ROSMEN, 2015. 80 p.
  26. Shtaden Genrikh. Zapiski o Moskovii. V 2-kh tomakh. Tom 1. [Notes about Muscovy. In two volumes. Vol. 2]. Moscow: Drevlekhranilishche, 2008. 584 p.
  27. Evliya Chelebi. Kniga puteshestviya. Krym i sopredel’nye oblasti [Book of Travel. Crimea and neighboring regions]. Simferopol: Dolya, 2008. 274 p.
  28. Filjushkin A. Ivan the Terrible: A Military History. London: Frontline books, 2008. 304 p.
  29. Grabowski A. Ojczyste spominki w pismach do dziejów dawnéj Polski. Tom I. Kraków, 1845. 368 p.
  30. Inalcik H. The Khan and the Tribal Aristocracy: The Crimean Khanate under Sahib Giray. Harvard Ukranian Studies. Vol. 3–4. 1979–1980. Pp. 445–466.
  31. Kluczycki F. K. Pisma do wieku i spraw Jana Sobieskiego. Tom 1, cz. 1. Kraków, 1880. 751 p.
  32. Królikowska N. Praworządny jak Tatarzyn? Stosunki prawne w Chanacie Krymskim na podstawie miejscowych ksiąg sądowych z XVII wieku. Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne. Tom LXV. Zeszyt. 1. 2013, pp. 121–142.
  33. Majewski W. Podhajce — letnia i jesenna kampania 1667 r. Studia i materiały do historii wojskowości. 1960. Tom 6, część 1, pp. 47–99.
  34. Nagielski M. Warszawa 1656. Warszawa: Bellona, 1990. 353 p.
  35. Nowatkiewicz P. Orynin 28 IX 1618. Zabrze: Inforteditions, 2009. 72 p.
  36. Pienskoj W. Mołodia 28 VII – 3 VIII 1572. Zabrze – Tarnowskie Góry: Inforteditions, 2016. 96 p.
  37. Podhorodecki L. Chanat krymski i jego stosunki z Polską w XV–XVIII wieku. Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza, 1987. 358 p.
  38. Polska sztuka wojenna w latach 1454–1563. Wypisy źródłowe do historii polskiej sztuki wojennej. Zeszyt 4. Warszawa, 1958. 157 p.
  39. Wagner M. Stanisław Jabłonowski, kasztelan krakowski, hetman wielki koronny. Warszawa: MadA, 2000. 227 p.
  40. Wagner M. Wojna polsko-turecka w latach 1672–1676. Tom II. Zabrze: Inforteditions, 2009. 376 p.
  41. Wimmer J. Odsiecz wiedenska 1683 roku. Warszawa: Interpress, 1983. 254 p.
  42. Wojtasik J. Podhajce 1698. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Bellona, 1990. 183 p.

About the author: Sheykhumerov Amet-han Azizovich – Research Assistant of the Crimean Scientific Center of the Sh.Marjani institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (420111, Baturin Str., 7A, Kazan, Russian Federation); amet.sheykhumerov@mail.ru.

1,057
×Close search
Search