2025. no 3. Il’nur Mirgaleev

The Golden Horde collapse

Il’nur Mirgaleev

Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences

Abstract.The article is devoted to the issue of the Golden Horde collapse. The process of the Jochid Empire collapse into Turkic-Tatar states took place over several decades. After the defeat in the war with Tamerlane, Khan Tokhtamysh tried to revive the country, but Idegey and his dummy khans opposed him. Tokhtamysh’s sons continued their father’s work, and all died in the struggle for power. Later, Tokhtamysh’s close relative Ulugh Muhammad and his brothers headed the proto-Toktamysh party and, ultimately failing to unite the country, created several Tatar polities.

Keywords: Golden Horde, Genghis Khans, Tokhtamysh, Ulugh Muhammad, Idegey, Tatar states

For citation: Mirgaleev I.M. The Golden Horde collapse. Krymskoe istoricheskoe obozrenie=Crimean Historical Review. 2025, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 42–49. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2025.3.42-49 (In Russian)

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About the author: Il’nur M. Mirgaleev – Cand. Sci. (History), Head of the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (7, Baturin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0001-6013-6944, ResearcherID: J-9533-2017, Scopus Author ID: 57201656376; dilnur1976@mail.ru

Received 30.04.2025

Accepted 05.08.2025