2026. no 2. Evgeny Druzhinin, Pavel Petrov, Vladimir Isaev
Kirovsky 2013 Hoard of Jochid Dirhams from the late 13th century from Crimea
Evgeny Druzhinin
Moscow, Russian Federation
Pavel Petrov
Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Kazan, Russian Federation
Vladimir Isaev
Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to introduce into scholarly circulation a portion of the hoard found in 2013 in Crimea. Its full composition included approximately 480 silver dirhams. The authors had access for study to 210 coin images (~45%). This representative sample included dirhams of Tuda-Mengu – 1 specimen, Tula-Buga – 16 specimens, Tula-Buga and Nogai – 1 specimen, and Khan Tokta – 192 specimens. The time of the hoard’s concealment has been established – terminus post quem (tpq) = 690/1291 CE, the weight characteristics of Tokta’s coins – mode (1.65–1.66) ± 0.035 g, as well as die links have been reconstructed, and certain important markers on the coin sides have been recorded. This has made it possible to assert that the dirhams of the studied portion of the hoard with a misspelled date and with marks under the tamgha instead of the date were minted in the year 690 AH. Furthermore, the dynamics of the reduction of obverse inscriptions are shown, including the gradual distortion of the khan’s name on Crimean coins of the first year of Tokta’s reign.
Keywords: Crimea; Kirovskoye village; 13th century; dirham; hoard; mint; Jochids; Golden Horde; Tula-Buga; Tokta; die analysis
For citation: Druzhinin E.G., Petrov P.N., Isaev V.Yu. Kirovsky 2013 Hoard of Jochid Dirhams from the late 13th century from Crimea. Krymskoe istoricheskoe obozrenie=Crimean Historical Review. 2026, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 16–52. https://doi.org/10.22378/kio.2026.2.16-52 (In Russian)
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Evgeny G. Druzhinin – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Numismatist-researcher (Moscow, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0009-0003-6180-1979. E-mail: Drujinin2@yandex.ru
Pavel N. Petrov – Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Researcher, Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (30 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0001-8125-769X. E-mail: ppn2022@yandex.ru
Vladimir Yu. Isaev – Numismatist-researcher, Businessman (Moscow, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0009-0007-4014-1421. E-mail: isaev-vladimir@inbox.ru
Received 26.03.2026
Accepted 17.04.2026
