2025. no 2. Ismet Zaatov
Ethnocultural basis of the formation process of the Crimean Tatar art culture
and decorative and applied art (5)*
Ismet Zaatov
Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences;
Fevzi Yakubov Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University;
Institute of Cultural Anthropology and Folklore under Khazar University
Abstract. The interpenetration of ethno-confessional cultures and art of the Tatar, Seljuk, Armenian, Jewish, Greek Orthodox and Italian population of the Crimean Khanate, at the initial stage of its existence, contributed to emergence of the national cultures on the map of the world of the Crimean Tatar artistic cultural and decorative arts, which began to experience the direct influence of the post-Byzantine – Turkic Islamic culture of the Ottoman Empire, the impulses of which penetrated into the Crimean Tatar cultural environment through the capital Bakhchisarai, Ottoman Kefe and the settlements of the Tat region of Crimea.
Keywords: artistic culture, Crimean Tatars, Armenians, Jews, Greeks Orthodox, Tats, Ottomans, Crimean Khanate, Kefe, Tat Ili, Turkization, Islamization
For citation: Zaatov I.A. Ethnocultural basis of the formation process of the Crimean Tatar art culture and decorative and applied art (5). Krymskoe istoricheskoe obozrenie=Crimean Historical Review. 2025, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 102–127. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2025.2.102-127 (In Russian)
REFERENCES
1. Abdulvapov N. Sufism and the initial stage of the active spread of Islam in the Crimea. Culture of the Peoples of the Black Sea Region. Simferopol, 2006. no. 79, pp. 140–149. (In Russian)
2. Akchokrakly O. Old Crimean and Otuz inscriptions of the 13th–15th centuries. Simferopol, 1927. 15 p. (In Russian)
3. Akchokrakly O. Something new from the history of Chufut-Kale. The State Palace-Museum of the Turkic-Tatar culture in Bakhchisarai. Impression from ITOIAE, vol. II (59). Simferopol, 1928. 26 p. (In Russian)
4. Akchokrakly O. Epigraphic finds. ITOIAE = News of the Tauride Society of History, Archaeology and Ethnography. 1929, vol. III (60). 196 p. (In Russian)
5. Akchokrakly O. Old Crimean inscriptions. (According to excavations in 1928). Simferopol, 1929. 8 p. (In Russian)
6. Artamonov M.I. History of the Khazars. 2nd ed. Saint Petersburg, 2001. 567 p. (In Russian)
7. Barashyan E.V. Ancient folklore of the Crimean Armenians. Collection of materials. Simferopol, 2003. 34 [2] p. (In Russian)
8. Bartold V.V. Crimea. Works. T. 3: Works on historical geography. Moscow: Nauka publishing house, Major editorial team of eastern literature, 1965. 765 p. (In Russian)
9. Bulatov E. Revan or the ceremonial rite of Tatar artisans in Crimea. Essays on Russia, published by Vadim Passek: [Collection of articles and excerpts from the works of V. Passek, I. Sreznevsky, A. Veltman, and others]. Book 1–5. Book 3. St. Petersburg, 1840. Pp. 139–154. (In Russian)
10. Bakhshi Iman. Jagfar Tarihi. Vol. 1. Collection of Bulgarian chronicles of 1680. Published by F. G.-Kh. Nurutdinov. Orenburg: Editorial Board of the Bulletin of Bulgaria, 1993. 399 p. (In Russian)
11. Gaivoronsky O. Genoese in the Crimean Khanate. Qasevet. 2008. No. 33. Pp. 8–13. (In Russian)
12. Gasprinsky I. Workshops holidays in Bakhchisarai. Perevodchik. 1894. May 26. (In Russian)
13. Dzhanov A. Kaffa, the Crimean Khanate and the Ottomans in 1454–1456 (According to the books of the Massaria of Kaffa). Sugdeysky collection. Iss. 2 (VIII). Kyiv, 2019, pp. 79–374. (In Russian)
14. Yemanov A.G. “Caffa’s logos” of Shiltberger. Materials on Archeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea (MAIASK). 2018. No. 10. Pp. 310–329. (In Russian)
15. Zaitsev I.V. Between Moscow and Istanbul. Jochid states, Moscow and the Ottoman Empire (beginning of the 15th – first half of the 16th centuries). Moscow, 2004. 209 p. (In Russian)
16. Zaitsev I.V. Formation of the Crimean Khanate. History of the Tatars from ancient times: in 7 volumes. Vol. IV: Tatar states of the 15th–18th centuries. Kazan, 2014. Pp. 130–146. (In Russian)
17. History of the Crimea: in 2 volumes. Ed. A. V. Yurasov. Moscow, 2018. Vol. 1. 600 p. (In Russian)
18. Kolodzeichik D. Crimean Khanate as a factor of stabilization on the geopolitical map of Europe. Ukraine and neighboring states in the 17th century. Materials of the international conference. Saint Petersbourg, 2004. Pp. 83–89. (In Russian)
19. Konovalova I.G. Eastern Europe in the works of Arab geographers of the 13th – 14th centuries. Moscow: Oriental Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2009. 220 [3] p. (In Russian)
20. Korkhmazyan E.M. Crimean Armenian miniature. Matenadaran, M. Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Union of Armenians of Ukraine, Crimean Armenian Island. Simferopol – Kyiv, 2008. 143 p. (In Russian)
21. Kuznetsov V.A. Essays on the history of the Alans. Vladikavkaz, 1992. 392 p. (In Russian)
22. Kunik A., Rosen V. News of Al-Bekri and other authors about Russia and the Slavs. Vol. I. Saint Petersburg, 1878. 191 p. (In Russian)
23. Metz A. Muslim Renaissance. Moscow: Nauka publishing house, 1973. 473 p. (In Russian)
24. Mikaelyan V.A. History of the Crimean Armenians. Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenian. Kiev; Yerevan; Simferopol, 2004. 221 p. (In Russian)
25. Letter from the rector of the church Alba-lulia Dominik, papal protonotary, with a report in 1475 that Caffa was taken by the Turks and the governors Stefan of Moldavia and Bozhorad of Wallach took an oath of allegiance to the King of Hungary.Reported by V. Yurgevich. ZOOID=Notes of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities. 1894. Vol. XVII, p. 1–2. (In Russian)
26. Ponomarev A.L. The early Khans of Crimea: the Chronology of the Turmoil in the Accounts of the Genoese Treasury of Caffa, 1420s. Zolotoordynskoye obozreniye = Golden Horde Review. 2013, no. 2, p. 158–190. (In Russian)
27. Journey of Abu Hamid al-Garnati to Eastern and Central Europe (1131–1153). Bolshakov O.G., Mongait A.L. Moscow, 1971. 137 p. (In Russian)
28. Travels to the eastern countries of Plano Carpini and Rubruk. Edited by N.P. Shastina. Moscow, 1957. 272 p. (In Russian)
29. Code of Armenian memorabilia relating to the Crimea and adjacent regions. (14th–15th centuries). Comp. by T.E. Sargsyan. Simferopol, 2010. 312 p. (In Russian)
30. Tolstov S.P. In the footsteps of the ancient Khorezmian civilization. Moscow, 1948. 322 p. (In Russian)
31. Tunmann I. Crimean Khanate. Simferopol, 1936. 116 p. (In Russian)
32. Khromov K.K. On the chronology of the reign of Davlat Berdi Khan in the Crimean ulus according to numismatic data (the last Juchid silver coins of the Crimea). From Onon to the Thames. Genghisides and their western neighbors. Moscow, 2013. P. 378–416. (In Russian)
33. Shumkin A.V. Zechariah de Grisolfi – Prince of Taman, the leader of the “Franks”, Syuyurtash-bey. Turkological collection 2015–2016: The Turkic world of Eurasia. Moscow, 2018. Pp. 150–178. (In Russian)
34. Evliya Celebi. Travel book. Crimea and adjacent regions (Extracts from the work of a Turkish traveler of the 17th century). 2nd ed., revised and corrected. Simferopol, 2008. 272 p. (In Russian)
35. Heath W. Lowry. The Islamization and Turkification of the City of Trabzon (1461–1583). Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Press., 1981. 190 s. (In Turkish)
36. Inalcik H. The Khan and the tribal aristocracy: The Crimean Khanate under Sahib Giray I. Eucharisterion: Essays presented to Omeljan Pritsak on his Sixtieth Birthday by his Colleagues and Students Harvard, 1879–1980. Cambridge, MA, 1980. (HUS; Vol. III/IV). P. 445–446.
37. Öztürk Yücel. Caffa under Ottoman rule 1475–1600. Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Turkey. Ottoman Works. 2000. 570 s. (In Turkish)
38. Zaytsev I. The structure of the Giray Dinasty (15th–16th Centuries): Matrimonial and Kinship Relations of the Crimean Tatars. In: Kinship in the Altaic World, edited by V. Boikova and B. Rybakov. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2006, pp. 321–353.
About the author: Ismet A. Zaatov – Dr. Philosophy (Art Criticism), Cand. Sci. (Art history), Leading Researcher of the Crimean Scientific Center, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (7, Baturin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); Senior Researcher of the Research Institute of the Crimean Tatar Philology, History and Culture of the Crimea Ethnoses, Fevzi Yakubov Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University (8, Uchebny lane, Simferopol 295015, Russian Federation); Research Fellow at the Institute of Cultural Anthropology and Folklore under Khazar University (41, Mehseti Str., Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan); zaatov@gmail.com
* Continuation. See the beginning in: Zaatov I.A. Ethno-cultural basis of the formation process of the Crimean Tatar art culture and decorative and applied art (1–4). Krymskoe istoricheskoe obozrenie=Crimean Historical Review. 2021, no. 2, pp. 134–170. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2021.2.134-170 (In Russian); 2022, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 123–154. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2022.1.123-154 (In Russian); 2023, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 120–146. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2023.1.120-146 (In Russian); 2023, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 143–168. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2023.2.143-168 (In Russian).
