2020. no1. Ismet Zaatov

Crym Girey I – the founder of the classical theater
in the Crimea (on the issue of 257 years experience
of the Crimean Tatar`s first theatrical productions
of the European type theater).

Ismet Zaatov

(Sh. Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences)

Abstract. The formation process of the Crimean Tatar theater can be divided into the following periods: medieval – folk theater (the initial round dance and toy puppet theater of shadows “Karagoz”, the theater of one actor “meddah”, the arena theater “orta oyuny”); Khan`s theater in the middle of the XVIII century (penetration into the Crimea of European theater traditions in the era of the Crimean Khan Crym Girey I); the revival of traditions of the Crimean Tatar theater late XIX–XX centuries (the activities of a theater-goers group of the Jadidist Crimean Tatar youth–followers of I. Gasprinsky, under the leadership of J. Meinov – the efforts of the Crimean Tatar noblewoman-myrzachkas under the leadership of A. Taiganskaya; organization of a professional Simferopol Tatar theater troupe under the People’s Commissar of Education of the Crimean ASSR in 1921 and creation and activities of the Crimean Tatar Drama Theater, headed by A. Taigan, and the Crimean Tatar amateur movement in the Crimea, and among the Crimean Tatar foreign diaspora of 1923–1944 (Soviet pre-deportation period); recreation and current activities of the Crimean Tatar theater in the Crimea,1989 (post deportation period).

In this article, for the first time in the art history, is revealed the so-called Khan`s period in the formation of the Crimean Tatar theater, discussed the revolutionary activity in the field of Crimean Tatar art, the ascetic activity of the Crimean Khan Crym Girey I to promote the ideas of European theater traditions and create a classical theater in the Crimea.

The picture of the actions undertaken by the Crimean ruler in the construction of theater business in the Crimea, as well as his thoughts and statements about the theater, was recreated according to the text published in the XVIII century, memories of personal meetings and conversations with Crym Girey I of European authors: German – von der Goltz, Polish – Pilshtynova, Russian – Nikiforov, Frenchman – de Tott, Austrian – Kleeman. Based on these recollections is built a clear and explicit picture of a role of Crym Girey I as a pioneer in bringing European theater traditions and creation of a classical theater in the culture of the Crimea, the Turkic and Muslim worlds.

Keywords: Crym Giray I, German, Russian, Polish, Austrian, French, Crimean Tatar theater, Moliere, Tatar comedy.

For citacion: Zaatov I. A. Crym Girey I – the founder of the classical theater in the Crimea (on the issue of 257 years experience of the Crimean Tatar`s first theatrical productions of the European type theater). Krymskoe istoricheskoe obozrenie=Crimean Historical Riview. 2020, no. 1, pp. 100–135. DOI: 10.22378/kio.2020.1.100-135

REFERENCES

1. Kleeman N. E. Kleyemanovo puteshestviye iz Veny v Belgrad i Novuyu Kiliyu, takozh v zemli budzhatskikh i nagayskikh tatar i vo ves’ Krym, s vozvratom chrez Konstantinopol’, Smirnu i Triyest v Avstriyu v 1768, 1769 i 1770 godakh, s priobshcheniyem dostopamyatnostey krymskikh [Kleeman’s journey from Vienna to Belgrade and New Kilia, also to the lands of the Budjaк and Nogai Tatars and to the whole of Crimea, with coming back through Constantinople, Smyrna and Trieste to Austria in 1768, 1769 and 1770, with the attaching of the Crimean memorials] Translated from German into French and from French into Russian by the State Military Collegium Secretary Ivan Odintsov. In St. Petersburg: at the State Military College, 1783. 250 p.

2. Kopiya iz raporta A. Nikiforova ot 16.11.1763 g. [A copy from the report of
A. Nikiforov from 16.11.1763 g.] Archive of the Foreign Policy of Russian Empire, F. 89: Relations of Russia with Turkey, Inventory 8, storage unit 1144, Folio 25a–26b.

3. Krym-Girey, soyuznik Fridrikha Velikogo. Prolog stolknoveniy mezhdu Rossiyey i Turtsiyey. Teodora Mundta. [Crym Girey, an ally of Frederick the Great. Prologue of clashes between Russia and Turkey. Theodore Mundt] Translation from German by V. Osterman. Proceedings of the Taurida Scientific Archival Commission. No. 43. Simferopol 1909. P. 1–88.

4. Peyssonel’, Sharl’ Klod de. Zapiski o Maloy Tatarii [Notes on the Little Tatariya] Translated from French by V. Kh. Lotoshnikova. Dnepropetrovsk: Gerda, 2009. 110 р.

5. Smirnov V. D. Krymskoye khanstvo pod verkhovenstvom Otomanskoy Porty v XVIII v. Do prisoyedineniya yego k Rossii [Crimean Khanate under the rule of the Ottoman Port in the XVIII century before joining it to Russia] Volume Two. M.: Publishing house Rubezhi XXI, 2005. 314 p.

6. Tatarchevskiy A. Puteshestviye i deyatel’nost’ barona Totta v kachestve konsula v Krymu v 1767 godu [Tatarchevsky A. Travel and activity of Baron Tott as a consul in the Crimea in 1767] Kiyevskiye universitetskiye izvestiya [Kiev University News]. 1873. No. 10. Pp. 2–24.

7. Adile Eminova. Kırım Giray’ın hanlık dönemi (1758–1764; 1768–1769) Danışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zekeriya Türkmen İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Lisans Bitirme Tezi. 2018. 39 s.

8. François Baron de Tott, Türkler ve Tatarlara Dair Hatıralar / tercüme
M. Reşat Uzmen, ed. M. Fatih Topaloğlu, yay. yönetmeni Cengizhan Orakçı Ankara: Kesit Tanıtım Ltd. Şti., 2004. 324 s.

9. Halim Giray, Gülbün-ü Hanan (Kırım Hanları Tarihi). Editör Dç. Dr. Bekir Günay Yayına Hazırlayanlar: Alper Başer, Alper Günaydın. İstanbul. 2013. 121 s.

10. Hammer-Purgştall Jozeph Von. Kırım Hanlığı Tarihi. Çevirmen: Seyfi Say. İnsan yayınları. İstanbul. 2013. 197 s.

11. Kırım Hanlarına Name-i Hümayun (2 Numaralı Name Defteri), İstanbul:
T. C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, 2013. 288 s.

12. Osmanlı Belgelerinde Kırım Hanlığı, İstanbul: T. C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, 2013. 359 s.

13. Özdem Zeynep. Karşida bir yer: Kırım Karasubazar’da sosyo-ekonomik hayat (17. Yüzyılın sonlarından 18. Yüzyılın ortalarına kadar) / Zeynep Özdem. – Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu. 2010. 197 s.

14. Tott F. Memoires sur les Turcs et les Tartares. Paris, 1785. 324 s.

15. Uzunçarşılı İsmail Hakkı, Osmanlı Tarihi IV Cılt, I Bölüm (Karlofça Antlaşmasından XVIII Yüzyılın Sonıarına Kadar). Türk tarih Kurumu. Ankara. 2011. 687 s.

16. Kesbi, Mustafa. İbretnüma-yı Devlet (Tahlil ve tenkitli metin), haz. Ahmet Öğreten, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2002. 654 s.

17. Resmi Efendi, Ahmet. Hulasatü’l-İ’tibar: (1768–1774 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi Tarihçesi), haz. Osman Köksal, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 2011. 183 s.

About the author: Zaatov Ismet Ablyatifovich – Cand. Sci. (Arts), Leading Research Fellow of the Crimean Scientific Center of Sh. Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (420111, Baturin
St., 7A, Kazan, Russian Federation); zaatov@gmail.com